中国石化新闻网讯 据能源网4月28日伦敦报道，根据一份报告显示，各国正在迅速推进提高氢气（一种被视为对实现全球气候目标至关重要的燃料）产量的努力，尤其是美国，这威胁到了欧洲在该领域的领先地位。

根据Aurora Energy Research发布的一份半年度报告显示，过去六个月，全球计划中的氢电解槽项目增长了18%，首次超过1太瓦的发电量。

根据这家总部位于牛津的咨询公司的数据显示，过去6个月，北美计划中的氢项目增幅最大。虽然欧洲仍然是新氢项目最受欢迎的地区，但其份额已从六个月前的63%下降到56%，该报告预测到2025年其将失去多数份额。

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清洁氢是向低污染能源过渡的一个小而快速增长的领域。预计这种清洁燃烧的气体将在钢铁和化工等重工业的脱碳中发挥核心作用。然而，与分析师认为所需的低排放氢气产量相比，目前的低排放氢气产量很小。

据国际能源署(International Energy Agency)称，到2030年，氢的总产量将需要从目前的9000多万吨增加到1.8亿吨左右，才能在2050年达到净零碳排放。低排放天然气的产量不到目前总产量的1%，到2030年需要增加到9000万吨以上。

电解槽利用电力将水分解产生氢气，当它们由可再生电力供电时，生产的产品被标记为绿色氢气，被认为是零排放能源。氢也可以使用化石燃料产生，但除非生产过程中释放的温室气体被捕获和储存，否则这种产品不被认为是清洁的。

欧洲长期以来一直主导着蓬勃发展的氢能行业，但其领先地位现在似乎正在下滑，尤其是面对美国计划花费巨额资金来促进可再生能源的生产和投资氢能。

Aurora首席氢能研究员Dilara Caglayan表示，欧洲在氢能项目中所占份额的下降是“欧盟对美国《通胀削减法案》反应迟缓以及延迟制定可再生氢能具体监管的直接后果”。

欧盟一直是氢电解槽、电动汽车和太阳能等新型低碳技术的早期采用者。然而，其对美国的《通胀削减法案》反应迟缓，该法案为绿色能源项目拨出了3690亿美元。美国现在为清洁氢生产商提供直接、慷慨的税收抵免，而欧盟花了好几个月的时间来制定激励措施的细节，这些细节通常涉及更多的繁文缛节。

美国政府的巨额支出令欧洲担心，欧洲的清洁能源公司会将美国视为一个更有吸引力的地方，以建设新项目，甚至可能计划完全搬迁到美国。今年2月，欧盟制定了新的计划，以提高欧洲大陆在低碳产业方面的竞争力。今年3月，欧盟提议在某些行业，包括氢电解槽，允许一些外国激励措施相匹配。

欧洲在建立氢的区域市场方面仍然处于领先地位，其中包括发展附近的氢生产商和消费者，以及帮助运输燃料的当地基础设施网络。分析人士认为，由于长距离运输高度易燃气体的难度和成本，为氢气创造流动的区域市场对于使氢更廉价至关重要。

尽管如此，该行业仍处于萌芽阶段，Aurora跟踪的许多项目在一段时间内都不会上线。在计划中的1太瓦氢项目中，只有1%已经开始建设，而86%处于早期规划开发阶段。

Aurora表示，安装1太瓦的电解槽容量仍然是一件遥远的事情。并补充道，到2030年，将有大约269吉瓦的项目上线，而目前约为0.45吉瓦。

Aurora预测，随着新供应上线，到2050年，欧洲低碳氢价格将从2025年的每公斤7欧元降至每公斤2.8欧元。与此同时，到2030年，欧洲对氢的需求预计将增长60%，到2040年将比2023年增长三倍。

郝芬 译自 能源网

原文如下：

North American Clean Hydrogen Projects Are Booming

Efforts to boost production of hydrogen, a fuel seen as crucial for meeting global climate goals, are racing ahead at a rapid pace, particularly in the U.S., threatening Europe’s lead, according to a report.

Planned hydrogen electrolyzer projects globally have jumped by 18% in the last six months, surpassing one terawatt of electricity capacity for the first time, according to a semi annual report by Aurora Energy Research.

North America has seen the largest increase in planned hydrogen projects in the past six months, according to the Oxford-based consulting firm. While Europe is still the most popular region for new hydrogen projects, its share has fallen from 63% six months ago to 56%, and the report predicts it will lose its majority share by 2025.

Clean hydrogen is a small but fast-growing area of the transition to lower-polluting energy sources. The clean-burning gas is forecast to play a central role in decarbonizing heavy industries such as steel and chemicals. However, low-emission hydrogen production is currently small compared with where analysts believe it will need to be.

The International Energy Agency says total hydrogen production will need to be around 180 million metric tons by 2030, from just over 90 million tons today, to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Low-emission production of the gas is less than 1% of current total production and would need to rise to more than 90 million tons by 2030.

Electrolyzers use electricity to split water to produce hydrogen, and when they are powered by renewable electricity, the output is labeled green hydrogen, which is considered emission-free energy. Hydrogen can also be generated using fossil fuels but that output isn’t considered clean unless the greenhouse gas emissions released when producing it are captured and stored.

Europe has long dominated the burgeoning hydrogen industry but its lead now appears to be slipping, particularly in the face of U.S. plans to spend vast sums of money to boost production of renewable energy and invest in hydrogen.

Europe’s shrinking share of hydrogen projects is “a direct consequence of the bloc’s slow response to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act and [its] delay in developing concrete regulation for renewable hydrogen,” said Dilara Caglayan, lead hydrogen researcher at Aurora.

The European Union has been an early adopter of new low-carbon technologies such as hydrogen electrolyzers, electric vehicles and solar power. However, it has been slow to respond to the Administration’s Inflation Reduction Act, which earmarked $369 billion for green energy programs. The U.S. now offers straightforward, generous tax credits to clean hydrogen producers while the EU took many months to work out the details of its incentives which generally involve more red tape.

Washington’s vast spending prompted fears in Europe that its clean energy companies would see the U.S. as a more attractive place to build new projects or may even plan to relocate entirely. The EU in February outlined new plans to enhance the continent’s competitiveness in regard to low-carbon industries, and in March proposed allowing some foreign incentives to be matched in certain sectors, including hydrogen electrolyzers.

Europe still has the lead in building a regional market for hydrogen, which includes developing hydrogen producers and consumers in proximity and local infrastructure networks to help transport the fuel. Analysts believe creating liquid, regional markets for hydrogen will be crucial to making it more affordable because of the difficulty and cost involved in transporting the highly-combustible gas over long distances.

Still, much of the industry is nascent and many of the projects tracked by Aurora won’t come online for some time. Only 1% of the one terawatt of planned hydrogen projects have begun construction, while 86% are in the early planning stages of development.

“Installing 1 TW of electrolyser capacity remains a distant reality,” Aurora said. Around 269 gigawatts of the projects will be online by 2030, compared with around 0.45 gigawatts today, it added.

Aurora forecasts European low-carbon hydrogen prices will fall from €7 a kilogram in 2025 to €2.8 a kilogram by 2050, as new supply comes online. Meanwhile, demand for hydrogen in Europe is expected to rise 60% by 2030 and increase threefold by 2040, compared with 2023.